Throughput: ≤500 parts/hour (200×150mm);
Operator fatigue: 8km/day walking distance;
45-minute changeovers (fixture adjustments + parameter resets).
Overhead cranes:
1-5T capacity, ±2mm positioning;
Dual-station processing reduces cycle time to 20s/part;
AGV material handling:
Laser-guided + RFID tracking for precise loading;
Auto-replenishment alerts at ≤10% copper ball stock;
Central control tower:
Real-time OEE (target ≥85%) and energy monitoring (kWh/kg Cu).
| Metric | Manual Line | Automated Line | Savings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operators | 12 | 4 | -8 |
| Energy Use | 3.2kWh/kg | 2.8kWh/kg | -12.5% |
| Annual Savings | – | – | $280,000 |